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- Special Notes on FS2.1 from 1984
- and an interesting look into some history
- relating to the protection scheme
-
- by:
-
- /*************************************\
- -= Greythorne the Technomancer =-
- \*************************************/
-
- 1.) Even though +ORC mentioned version FS2.12
- from 1985, it doesn't matter. That was
- just an upgrade in some way to this one,
- and the protection is identical
-
- 2.) I tried installing it twice, with teledisk
- and it copied the image back to disk with
- a few read errors, just as we were told it
- would, but no luck running it (just hangs)
-
- HERE is the purpose of this particular program
- study.
-
- Doing a directory of the disk, here is what
- you see:
-
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- Volume in drive B has no label
- Directory of B:\
-
- FS COM 57 04-04-84 8:40a
- 1 file(s) 57 bytes
- 135,168 bytes free
-
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- Bizarre by today's standards, eh? Isn't there
- supposed to be a full disk of data here?
-
- Not just some silly 57 BYTE file?
-
- (I included this file for you to examine, so you don't
- have to go through the hassle of teledisking to an
- old floppy... especially since many people do not
- own 5.25" floppy disk drives anymore - nor do people
- need them)
-
- This is the 'program stub' that +ORC mentioned
- in the lesson. It is basically the loader file
- for the flight simulator diskette which is
- using a disk-based program.
-
- What I mean by that is simple: it is not stored
- in file format as we know it, if at all. An old
- trick before 'copying to the hard drive' became
- popular die to program size, is that companies
- would write their own Disk I/O routines. (I did
- this very same trick on the AppleII way back)
-
- Specific games on AppleII come to mind (since
- that is what I used to crack - or attempt to crack)
- such as THIEF (to the rest of the world known as
- BERSERK) in that specific sectors were left unformatted
- on the floppy, making copy programs crash since they
- attempted to read and copy bad sectors.
-
- Some whole tracks were left this way as well. When a
- cracker attempted to read only the good sectors and write
- them to a target disk (preformatted of course) the cracker
- would get a disk that was readable on all sectors, so
- the program would crash because it EXPECTED a read error
- in certain locations. Then the job was to find and disable
- the READ-CHECK.
-
- Some. like Zaxxon for the Apple, were not only done like
- this, some tracks were recorded in odd locations.
- An old protectionist trick was to use half-tracks
- (really the space between 2 tracks was the size of an entire
- other track, so copying between them was sneaky) What was
- particularly bad in Zaxxon, for instance, was that it used
- quarter and 3/4 tracks as well. This was done by telling the
- machine that it was using half-tracks and then either cutting
- off the advance-to-the-next-half-track 50% early, or allowing
- it to go 50% past the half track. To crack this COMPLETELY,
- one needed to copy the data off of the FUNKY tracks of the
- original disk, put it on NORMAL tracks on the target disk,
- and alter ALL of the read and write routines on the disk to
- reflect the changes.
-
- If this zaxxon example sounds familiar to some people, it
- is probably because I learned this particular scheme from
- The Disk Jockey (who had the best cracking tutorial in the world
- before +ORC's came out with not even a close runner up)
-
- Well, enough history lessons for one session...
- Back to FS2!
-
- You will notice that FS.LST (output from sourcer
- in TASM 1.0 format) is slightly different from
- the one in the HowTo by +ORC. That is okay, you will
- notice that the important 99% of lines, commented
- by +ORC in the lesson are identical anyway, and since
- this is meant to be a learning lesson: LEARN! EXAMINE!
- I didnt set this up to do the work for you, this is
- meant to help you along in your study of an old style
- disk-based protection.
-
- It is not known to me whether FS2.1 has been in some
- way deprotected or not since it is so much trouble
- just to get the thing to run. (This is probably a hint
- that it was archived with protection intact) It could
- after all be deprotected.. and just plain hard to get
- to work. Maybe the readers of this file would like to
- play around with it as a study of their own. :)
-
-
- While you may not be able to get this program to
- ever work, compare the two source listings, as
- it displays a type of protection that used to
- be rather prevalent among many old disk-based
- copy protection schemes. Also, notice the creative
- use of teledisk to make a copy of the software that
- could be transported. With a bizarre track/sector
- format, making a complete disk image of the floppy
- was the only 'easy' way to duplicate this disk for
- other people to try it out, considering that making
- a disk image is the only relatively easy method of
- turning a disk-based program into a file for means
- of transporting to friends, etc...
-
- WELL ANYWAY:
-
- Above all, use it as an interesting file study.
-
-
- Enjoy,
-
- +gthorne'97
-